The foreshadowing votes: the Italian European elections in 2024

European election results are shaped by structural factors such as timing, electoral systems, and economic conditions. Italy is no exception. While its electoral system limits the emergence of new parties during European elections, their outcomes can significantly affect party dynamics. Since 2013, Italy’s system has been tripartite due to the rise of the “neither left nor right” Five Star Movement (M5S). In 2024, the M5S fell below 10% for the first time. Meanwhile, the far-right Brothers of Italy (FdI) confirmed their strength, with potential implications for shifting European politics toward more conservative positions.